The sauna has been an integral part of Finnish life and national identity for centuries. It is not only a way to warm up in the harsh northern climate, but also a ritual that brings people together, promotes cleansing the body of toxins, and provides relaxation for body and spirit. Finland, with a population of more than 5 million, boasts some 3 million saunas. This impressive number best illustrates how deeply rooted sauna culture is in the country. The unique nature of Finnish sauning and its centuries-old importance to the national identity is also confirmed by the fact that in 2020 the Finnish sauna tradition was inscribed on UNESCO’s Intangible Cultural Heritage List. Learn about the history of the Finnish sauna and find out the secret of this remarkable tradition.
Sauna as part of Finnish national identity
The tradition of saunas in Finland dates back to when Scandinavia was still a wild, untamed area. The original saunas resembled earthen huts, whose purpose was to warm and cleanse the body. The oldest smoke saunas did not have chimneys – the smoke floated inside, creating a specific aroma in the room. During the ritual, birch branches were used to smother the body, improving circulation and releasing a characteristic resinous smell.
In the centuries that followed, traditional Finnish saunas were already built of wood, usually near lakes or around ice breaks. After a session, one could immediately immerse in cold water, which toughened the body, strengthened immunity and improved circulation.
From smoke saunas to urban spas – the evolution of the Finnish sauna
Over time, saunas have been transformed to match changing living conditions. While smoke saunas used to be common, today it is increasingly common to find modern, electrically heated saunas with a chimney and efficient ventilation. In modern Finland, even in the heart of urbanized Helsinki, you can enjoy public saunas such as Kotiharju. They combine ancient traditions with modern amenities, allowing locals and tourists alike to experience Finnish heritage.
The phenomenon of the Finnish sauna
The Finnish approach to saunas stems from the harsh Nordic climate, which has shaped the need to strengthen the body and clear the mind. The sauna has become a symbol of inner strength (sisu) and a natural way to improve mental and physical condition.
The sauna is a part of life, a place for intergenerational meetings and exchanges, which is why Finnish residents learn to use it from an early age. Most Finns have their own sauna in their home or immediate surroundings. However, it is worth knowing that the sauna is both a part of private and public life. Interestingly, many companies and public institutions have their own saunas where employees and guests meet. In some companies or government buildings, it’s a place for informal conversations, which fosters business relationships and trust.
Sauntering rules in Finland. Some interesting facts
Finnish sauntering is governed by its own rules. What can you do to fully experience the benefits of this ritual?
- In a traditional Finnish sauna, you don’t have to wear a bathing suit. Among Finns, nudity is fully respected and is not a reason for shame. What might be a faux pas for some foreign visitors is natural in Finland.
- Take a towel with you. Spreading it out on the benches will help you avoid burning and ensure maximum comfort during your sauna session.
- When sauntering, take care löyly. Pouring water over the heated stones will create steam with salutary effects, making your sauna session an unforgettable experience.
- Be sure to take advantage of the vittles! Smacking the body with birch twigs improves circulation and stimulates lymph flow.
- After leaving the sauna, immerse your body in cold water, for example, in a tub. The combination of sauning and walruses perfectly hardens the body.
- Saunter systematically! Regular use of the Finnish sauna activates circulation and cleanses the body of toxins. The high temperature helps relax muscles and relieve pain, and promotes recovery from physical exertion. The sauna can also strengthen the immune system, in addition to improving skin condition.
Finnish sauna culture in the world
This tradition, rooted in the national identity, has spread to other countries over time. More and more people around the world appreciate the Finnish art of sauntering, and elements of the ritual, such as birch twigs and immersion in cold water after a session, are also gaining popularity outside Scandinavia. However, it is worth knowing that many countries, following the example of Finland, have created their own sauna culture.
Summary
The Finnish sauna is more than just relaxation in high temperatures. It is a deeply rooted ritual that cleanses the body and mind, relieves stress, strengthens the body and brings people together. From primitive dugouts to modern urban spas, the Finnish sauna has evolved over the centuries, yet remained true to its roots and values. In Finland, the land of lakes, forests and the Baltic Sea, the sauna is an integral part of everyday life. Its magic is inspiring more and more people around the world to discover the benefits of this Nordic custom.
